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CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS 2E
Título:
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS 2E
Subtítulo:
Autor:
MARDER, M
Editorial:
JOHN WILEY
Año de edición:
2015
ISBN:
978-0-470-61798-4
Páginas:
984
129,95 €

 

Sinopsis

Now updated-the leading single-volume introduction to solid state and soft condensed matter physics
This Second Edition of the unified treatment of condensed matter physics keeps the best of the first, providing a basic foundation in the subject while addressing many recent discoveries. Comprehensive and authoritative, it consolidates the critical advances of the past fifty years, bringing together an exciting collection of new and classic topics, dozens of new figures, and new experimental data.

This updated edition offers a thorough treatment of such basic topics as band theory, transport theory, and semiconductor physics, as well as more modern areas such as quasicrystals, dynamics of phase separation, granular materials, quantum dots, Berry phases, the quantum Hall effect, and Luttinger liquids. In addition to careful study of electron dynamics, electronics, and superconductivity, there is much material drawn from soft matter physics, including liquid crystals, polymers, and fluid dynamics.

Provides frequent comparison of theory and experiment, both when they agree and when problems are still unsolved

Incorporates many new images from experiments

Provides end-of-chapter problems including computational exercises

Includes more than fifty data tables and a detailed forty-page index

Offers a solutions manual for instructors

Featuring 370 figures and more than 1,000 recent and historically significant references, this volume serves as a valuable resource for graduate and undergraduate students in physics, physics professionals, engineers, applied mathematicians, materials scientists, and researchers in other fields who want to learn about the quantum and atomic underpinnings of materials science from a modern point of view.



TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface xix

References xxii

I ATOMIC STRUCTURE 1

1 The Idea of Crystals 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.1.1 Why are Solids Crystalline? 4

1.2 Two-Dimensional Lattices 6

1.2.1 Bravais Lattices 6

1.2.2 Enumeration of Two-Dimensional Bravais Lattices 7

1.2.3 Lattices with Bases 9

1.2.4 Primitive Cells 9

1.2.5 Wigner-Seitz Cells 10

1.3 Symmetries 11

1.3.1 The Space Group 11

1.3.2 Translation and Point Groups 12

1.3.3 Role of Symmetry 14

Problems 14

References 16

2 Three-Dimensional Lattices 17

2.1 Introduction 17

2.2 Monatomic Lattices 20

2.2.1 The Simple Cubic Lattice 20

2.2.2 The Face-Centered Cubic Lattice 20

2.2.3 The Body-Centered Cubic Lattice 22

2.2.4 The Hexagonal Lattice 23

2.2.5 The Hexagonal Close-Packed Lattice 23

2.2.6 The Diamond Lattice 24

2.3 Compounds 24

2.3.1 Rocksalt-Sodium Chloride 25

2.3.2 Cesium Chloride 26

2.3.3 Fluorite-Calcium Fluoride 26

2.3.4 Zincblende-Zinc Sulfide 27

2.3.5 Wurtzite-Zinc Oxide 28

2.3.6 Perovskite-Calcium Titanate 28

2.4 Classification of Lattices by Symmetry 30

2.4.1 Fourteen Bravais Lattices and Seven Crystal Systems 30

2.5 Symmetries of Lattices with Bases 33

2.5.1 Thirty-Two Crystallographic Point Groups 33

2.5.2 Two Hundred Thirty Distinct Lattices 36

2.6 Some Macroscopic Implications of Microscopic Symmetries 37

2.6.1 Pyroelectricity 37

2.6.2 Piezoelectricity 37

2.6.3 Optical Activity 38

Problems 38

References 41

3 Scattering and Structures 43

3.1 Introduction 43

3.2 Theory of Scattering from Crystals 44

3.2.1 Special Conditions for Scattering 44

3.2.2 Elastic Scattering from Single Atom 46

3.2.3 Wave Scattering from Many Atoms 47

3.2.4 Lattice Sums 48

3.2.5 Reciprocal Lattice 49

3.2.6 Miller Indices 51

3.2.7 Scattering from a Lattice with a Basis 53

3.3 Experimental Methods 54

3.3.1 Laue Method 56

3.3.2 Rotating Crystal Method 57

3.3.3 Powder Method 59

3.4 Further Features of Scattering Experiments 60

3.4.1 Interaction of X-Rays with Matter 60

3.4.2 Production of X-Rays 61

3.4.3 Neutrons 63

3.4.4 Electrons 63

3.4.5 Deciphering Complex Structures 64

3.4.6 Accuracy of Structure Determinations 65

3.5 Correlation Functions 66

3.5.1 Why Bragg Peaks Survive Atomic Motions 66

3.5.2 Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) 67

3.5.3 Dynamic Light Scattering 68

3.5.4 Application to Dilute Solutions 70

Problems 71

References 73

4 Surfaces and Interfaces 77

4.1 Introduction 77

4.2 Geometry of Interfaces 77

4.2.1 Coherent and Commensurate Interfaces 78

4.2.2 Stacking Period and Interplanar Spacing 79

4.2.3 Other Topics in Surface Structure 81

4.3 Experimental Observation and Creation of Surfaces 82

4.3.1 Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) 82

4.3.2 Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) 84

4.3.3 Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) 84

4.3.4 Field Ion Microscopy (FIM) 85

4.3.5 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) 86

4.3.6 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 91

4.3.7 High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) 91

Problems 91

References 94

5 Beyond Crystals 97

5.1 Introduction 97

5.2 Diffusion and Random Variables 97

5.2.1 Brownian Motion and the Diffusion Equation 97

5.2.2 Diffusion 98

5.2.3 Derivation from Master Equation 99

5.2.4 Connection Between Diffusion and Random Walks 100

5.3 Alloys 101

5.3.1 Equilibrium Structures 101

5.3.2 Phase Diagrams 102

5.3.3 Superlattices 103

5.3.4 Phase Separation 104

5.3.5 Nonequilibrium Structures in Alloys 106

5.3.6 Dynamics of Phase Separation 108

5.4 Simulations 110

5.4.1 Monte Carlo 110

5.4.2 Molecular Dynamics 112

5.5 Liquids 113

5.5.1 Order Parameters and Long-and Short-Range Order 113

5.5.2 Packing Spheres 114

5.6 Glasses 116

5.7 Liquid Crystals 120

5.7.1 Nematics, Cholesterics, and Smectics 120

5.7.2 Liquid Crystal Order Parameter 122

5.8 Polymers 123

5.8.1 Ideal Radius of Gyration 123

5.9 Colloids and Diffusing-Wave Scattering 128

5.9.1 Colloids 128

5.9.2 Diffusing-Wave Spectroscopy 128

5.10 Quasicrystals 133

5.10.1 One-Dimensional Quasicrystal 134

5.10.2 Two-Dimensional Quasicrystals-Penrose Tiles 139

5.10.3 Experimental Observations 141

5.11 Fullerenes and nanotubes 143

Problems 143

References 149

II ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE 153

6 The Free Fermi Gas and Single Electron Model 155

6.1 Introduction 155

6.2 Starting Hamiltonian 157

6.3 Densities of States 159

6.3.1 Definition of Density of States D 160

6.3.2 Results for Free Electrons 161

6.4 Statistical Mechanics of Noninteracting Electrons 163

6.5 Sommerfeld Expansion 166

6.5.1 Specific Heat of Noninteracting Electrons at Low Temper-atures 169

Problems 171

References 173

7 Non-Interacting Electrons in a Periodic Potential 175

7.1 Introduction 175

7.2 Translational Symmetry-Bloch's Theorem 175

7.2.1 One Dimension 176

7.2.2 Bloch's Theorem in Three Dimensions 180

7.2.3 Formal Demonstration of Bloch's Theorem 182

7.2.4 Additional Implications of Bloch's Theorem