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This book covers channel coding and modulation technologies in DTTB systems from the general concepts to the detailed analysis and implementation.

Covers the Chinese DTTB standard which was announced recently and hasn't been covered in detail
Introduces the SFN network using the successful implementation of DTMB in Hong Kong as an example
Introduces the latest announced systems including the ATSC M/H and DVB-NGH



Table of Contents

Preface xiii

1 Basic Concepts of Digital Terrestrial Television Transmission System 1

1.1 Introduction and Historic Review 1

1.1.1 Birth and Development of Television Black-and-White TV Era 1

1.1.2 Analog Color TV Era 2

1.1.3 Digital TV Era 3

1.2 Major International and Regional DTV Organizations 7

1.2.1 International DTV Broadcasting Standards 7

1.2.2 Related International and Regional Organizations 9

1.3 Composition of DTV System 11

1.3.1 Constitution of DTV System 11

1.3.2 Functional Layers of DTV 14

1.4 Compression Layer and Multiplexing Layer 19

1.4.1 Image Format 19

1.4.2 Compression Modes for DTV Signal 19

1.4.3 MPEG-2 for Video Compression 20

1.4.4 Intraframe Coding 21

1.4.5 Interframe Coding Method 23

1.4.6 Audio Compression 24

1.4.7 MPEG-2 Coding 25

1.4.8 MPEG-2 Multiplexing 26

1.4.9 Transport Stream 26

1.5 Current Deployment of DTTB Systems 29

1.5.1 Developments of ATSC DVB-T and ISDB-T 30

1.5.2 Development and Deployment of DTMB System 33

1.5.3 Network Convergence with DTTB Systems 35

1.6 Summary 37

References 37

2 Channel Characteristics of Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Systems 39

2.1 Introduction 39

2.2 Mathematical Models of Wireless Radio Channel 42

2.2.1 Statistical Model of Channel Impulse Response 42

2.2.2 Channel Impulse Response with Deterministic Parameters 44

2.3 Property of Wireless Fading Channel Parameters 46

2.3.1 Multipath Delay Spread and Frequency-Selective Fading 46

2.3.2 Doppler Shift and Time-Selective Fading 50

2.3.3 Time- and Frequency-Selective Fading of Wireless Radio Channel 54

2.4 Commonly Used Statistical Models for Fading Channel 55

2.4.1 Rayleigh Fading Model 55

2.4.2 Ricean Fading Model 56

2.5 DTTB Channel Model 58

2.5.1 Typical DTTB Channel Model 58

2.5.2 Single-Frequency Network of Channel Model for DTTB Systems 63

2.6 Summary 67

References 68

3 Channel Coding for DTTB System 69

3.1 Channel Capacity and Shannon's Channel Coding Theorem 69

3.2 Error Control and Classification of Channel Coding 73

3.3 Linear Block Code 75

3.3.1 Basic Concept of Linear Block Code 75

3.3.2 BCH Code 78

3.3.3 Reed-Solomon Code 79

3.4 Convolutional Codes 80

3.4.1 Construction and Description of Convolutional Codes 81

3.4.2 Distance Property and Decoding of Convolutional Codes 84

3.5 Interleaving 87

3.5.1 Block Interleaving 87

3.5.2 Convolutional Interleaving 88

3.6 Concatenation Codes 89

3.7 Parallel Codes 92

3.7.1 Product Codes 92

3.7.2 Turbo Codes and Iterative Decoding 94

3.8 Trellis Coding and Modulation 100

3.8.1 Mapping by Set Partition of TCM Codes 100

3.8.2 Code Construction and Basic Principles of TCM Codes 101

3.9 Low-Density Parity-Check Code 103

3.9.1 Basic Concept of LDPC Codes 104

3.9.2 Decoding Algorithms of LDPC Codes 106

3.10 Channel Coding Adopted by Different DTV Broadcasting Standards 108

3.11 Summary 110

References 110

4 Modulation Technologies for DTTB System 113

4.1 Introduction 113

4.2 Digital Modulation 114

4.2.1 Signal Space and Its Representation 114

4.2.2 Typical Digital Modulations 117

4.2.3 The Power Spectrum of Modulated Signal 124

4.2.4 Demodulation and Performance Evaluation 129

4.2.5 Variations of Digital Modulations 137

4.3 Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation 140

4.3.1 BICM System Model 140

4.3.2 BICM Design and Performance Evaluation 141

4.3.3 BICM-ID System Model 144

4.3.4 BICM-ID with Doping: Design and Performance Evaluation 145

4.3.5 BICM-ID Design Based on EXIT Charts 146

4.3.6 BICM-ID with LDPC Coding 147

4.4 Multicarrier Modulation 148

4.4.1 Principle of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 149

4.4.2 Implementation of OFDMwith Discrete Fourier Transform 151

4.4.3 Guard Interval and Cyclic Prefix of OFDM 152

4.4.4 Frequency Domain Property 156

4.4.5 General Comparison between OFDM and Single-Carrier Modulation System 157

4.5 Design Considerations of DTTB Modulation 159

4.5.1 Modulation Scheme Determination 159

4.5.2 Modulation Schemes in Typical DTTB Standards 160

4.6 Summary 160

References 161

5 First-Generation DTTB Standards 163

5.1 General Introduction 163

5.1.1 ATSC Standard 163

5.1.2 DVB-T Standard 164

5.1.3 ISDB-T Standard 164

5.1.4 DTMB Standard 164

5.2 Introduction to ATSC Standard 164

5.2.1 Scrambler 166

5.2.2 RS Encoding and Data Interleaving 167

5.2.3 TCM Encoder and Interleaver 168

5.2.4 Multiplexing 169

5.2.5 Pilot Insertion and VSB Modulation 170

5.3 Introduction to DVB-T Standard 171

5.3.1 Channel Coding 173

5.3.2 Modulation 176

5.4 Introduction to ISDB-T Standard 180

5.4.1 Multiplexing 184

5.4.2 Channel Coding 185

5.4.3 Constellation Mapping and Modulation 186

5.4.4 TMCC Information 194

5.5 Introduction to DTMB Standard 195

5.5.1 Major System Parameters 197

5.5.2 Input Data Format 198

5.5.3 Scrambler 198

5.5.4 FEC Coding 198

5.5.5 Constellation Mapping 201

5.5.6 Interleaving 203

5.5.7 System Information 205

5.5.8 Signal Frame Structure 206

5.5.9 Frame Header (FH) 207

5.5.10 Frame Body Data Processing 209

5.5.11 Baseband Signal Post Processing 210

5.5.12 RF Output Interface 210

5.5.13 System Payload Data Throughput 213

5.6 Summary 213

References 213

6 Second-Generation DTTB Standards 215

6.1 Introduction to Second-Generation Digital Video Broadcasting 215

6.1.1 System Structure 217

6.1.2 Input Processing 217

6.1.3 Bit-Interleaved Coding and Modulation 220

6.1.4 Frame Builder 226

6.1.5 OFDM Symbol Generation 228

6.2 Introduction to DTMB-A System 235

6.2.1 System Architecture 235

6.2.2 Interface and Data Preprocessing 236

6.2.3 Scrambling Interleaving and Modulation 238

6.2.4 Superframe Structure 245

6.2.5 Signal Frame 247

6.2.6 Synchronization Channel 248

6.2.7 Transmit Diversity 251

6.2.8 Baseband Postprocessing 252

6.2.9 RF Signal 252

6.2.10 Baseband Signal Spectrum Characteristics and Spectrum Mask 252

6.2.11 System Payload Data Rate 253

6.3 Summary 254

References 254

7 Design and Implementation of DTV Receiver 255

7.1 Introduction 255

7.2 Mathematical Principles 259

7.2.1 Channel Synchronization 259

7.2.2 Channel Estimation 262

7.3 Single-Carrier Systems 269

7.3.1 Timing Synchronization 269

7.3.2 Carrier Synchronization 272

7.3.3 Channel Estimation and