Librería Portfolio

The authoritative guide to the effective design and production of reliable technology products, revised and updated

While most manufacturers have mastered the process of producing quality products, product reliability, software quality and software security has lagged behind. The revised second edition of Improving Product Reliability and Software Quality offers a comprehensive and detailed guide to implementing a hardware reliability and software quality process for technology products. The authors - noted experts in the field - provide useful tools, forms and spreadsheets for executing an effective product reliability and software quality development process and explore proven software quality and product reliability concepts.

The authors discuss why so many companies fail after attempting to implement or improve their product reliability and software quality program. They outline the critical steps for implementing a successful program. Success hinges on establishing a reliability lab, hiring the right people and implementing a reliability and software quality process that does the right things well and works well together. Designed to be accessible, the book contains a decision matrix for small, medium and large companies. Throughout the book, the authors describe the hardware reliability and software quality process as well as the tools and techniques needed for putting it in place. The concepts, ideas and material presented are appropriate for any organization. This updated second edition:

Contains new chapters on Software tools, Software quality process and software security.
Expands the FMEA section to include software fault trees and software FMEAs.
Includes two new reliability tools to accelerate design maturity and reduce the risk of premature wearout.
Contains new material on preventative maintenance, predictive maintenance and Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) to better manage repair cost and unscheduled downtime.
Presents updated information on reliability modeling and hiring reliability and software engineers.
Includes a comprehensive review of the reliability process from a multi-disciplinary viewpoint including new material on uprating and counterfeit components.
Discusses aspects of competition, key quality and reliability concepts and presents the tools for implementation.
Written for engineers, managers and consultants lacking a background in product reliability and software quality theory and statistics, the updated second edition of Improving Product Reliability and Software Quality explores all phases of the product life cycle.



TABLE OF CONTENTS
About the Authors xix

List of Figures xxi

List of Tables xxv

Series Editor´s Foreword xxvii

Series Foreword Second Edition xxix

Series Foreword First Edition xxxi

Foreword First Edition xxxiii

Preface Second Edition xxxv

Preface First Edition xxxvii

Acknowledgments xli

Glossary xliii

Part I Reliability and Software Quality - It's a Matter of Survival 1

1 The Need for a New Paradigm for Hardware Reliability and Software Quality 3

1.1 Rapidly Shifting Challenges for Hardware Reliability and Software Quality 3

1.2 Gaining Competitive Advantage 5

1.3 Competing in the Next Decade -Winners Will Compete on Reliability 5

1.4 Concurrent Engineering 6

1.5 Reducing the Number of Engineering Change Orders at Product Release 8

1.6 Time-to-Market Advantage 9

1.7 Accelerating Product Development 10

1.8 Identifying and Managing Risks 11

1.9 ICM, a Process to Mitigate Risk 11

1.10 Software Quality Overview 12

References 13

Further Reading 13

2 Barriers to Implementing Hardware Reliability and Software Quality 15

2.1 Lack of Understanding 15

2.2 Internal Barriers 16

2.3 Implementing Change and Change Agents 17

2.4 Building Credibility 19

2.5 Perceived External Barriers 20

2.6 Time to Gain Acceptance 21

2.7 External Barrier 22

2.8 Barriers to Software Process Improvement 23

3 Understanding Why Products Fail 25

3.1 Why Things Fail 25

3.2 Parts Have Improved, Everyone Can Build Quality Products 28

3.3 Hardware Reliability and Software Quality -The New Paradigm 28

3.4 Reliability vs. Quality Escapes 29

3.5 Why Software Quality Improvement Programs Are Unsuccessful 30

Further Reading 31

4 Alternative Approaches to Implementing Reliability 33

4.1 Hiring Consultants for HALT Testing 33

4.2 Outsourcing Reliability Testing 33

4.3 Using Consultants to Develop and Implement a Reliability Program 34

4.4 Hiring Reliability Engineers 34

Part II Unraveling the Mystery 37

5 The Product Life Cycle 39

5.1 Six Phases of the Product Life Cycle 39

5.2 Risk Mitigation 41

5.3 The ICM Process for a Small Company 45

5.4 Design Guidelines 46

5.5 Warranty 46

Further Reading 47

Reliability Process 47

DFM 48

6 Reliability Concepts 49

6.1 The Bathtub Curve 50

6.2 Mean Time between Failure 51

6.3 Warranty Costs 53

6.4 Availability 55

6.5 Reliability Growth 57

6.6 Reliability Demonstration Testing 59

6.7 Maintenance and Availability 62

6.8 Component Derating 69

6.9 Component Uprating 70

Reference 71

Further Reading 72

Reliability Growth 72

Reliability Demonstration 72

Prognostics and Health Management 72

7 FMEA73

7.1 Benefits of FMEA 73

7.2 Components of FMEA 74

7.3 Preparing for the FMEA 86

7.4 Barriers to the FMEA Process 89

7.5 FMEA Ground Rules 91

7.6 Using Macros to Improve FMEA Efficiency and Effectiveness 92

7.7 Software FMEA 94

7.8 Software Fault Tree Analysis (SFTA) 97

7.9 Process FMEAs 97

7.10 FMMEA 99

8 The Reliability Toolbox 101

8.1 The HALT Process 101

8.2 Highly Accelerated Stress Screening (HASS) 121

8.3 HALT and HASS Test Chambers 127

8.4 Accelerated Reliability Growth (ARG) 128

8.5 Accelerated Early Life Test (ELT) 131

8.6 SPC Tool 132

8.7 FIFO Tool 132

References 134

Further Reading 134

FMEA 134

HALT 135

HASS 136

Quality 136

Burn-in 136

ESS 137

Up Rating 137

9 Software Quality Goals and Metrics 139

9.1 Setting Software Quality Goals 139

9.2 Software Metrics 140

9.3 Lines of Code (LOC) 142

9.4 Defect Density 142

9.5 Defect Models 144

9.6 Defect Run Chart 145

9.7 Escaped Defect Rate 147

9.8 Code Coverage 148

References 149

Further Reading 150

10 Software Quality Analysis Techniques 151

10.1 Root Cause Analysis 151

10.2 The 5 Whys 151

10.3 Cause and Effect Diagrams 152

10.4 Pareto Charts 153

10.5 Defect Prevention, Defect Detection, and Defensive Programming 154

10.6 Effort Estimation 157

Reference 158

Further Reading 158

11 Software Life Cycles 159

11.1 Waterfall 159

11.2 Agile 161

11.3 CMMI 162

11.4 How to Choose a Software Life Cycle 165

Reference 166

Further Reading 166

12 Software Procedures and Techniques 167

12.1 Gathering Re