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Introduction xxxv

Your Study Plan 2

Part I Ethernet LANs

Chapter 1 Implementing Ethernet Virtual LANs

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Foundation Topics

Virtual LAN Concepts

Creating Multiswitch VLANs Using Trunking

Forwarding Data Between VLANs

VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification

Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface

VLAN Trunking Protocol

VLAN Trunking Configuration

Implementing Interfaces Connected to Phones

Chapter Review

Chapter 2 Spanning Tree Protocol Concepts

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Foundation Topics

Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D)

The Need for Spanning Tree

What IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Does

How Spanning Tree Works

Influencing and Changing the STP Topology

Rapid STP (IEEE 802.1w) Concepts

Comparing STP and RSTP

RSTP and the Alternate (Root) Port Role

RSTP States and Processes

RSTP and the Backup (Designated) Port Role

RSTP Port Types

Optional STP Features

EtherChannel

PortFast

BPDU Guard

Chapter Review

Chapter 3 Spanning Tree Protocol Implementation

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Foundation Topics

Implementing STP

Setting the STP Mode

Connecting STP Concepts to STP Configuration Options

Verifying STP Operation

Configuring STP Port Costs

Configuring Priority to Influence the Root Election

Implementing Optional STP Features

Configuring PortFast and BPDU Guard

Configuring EtherChannel

Implementing RSTP

Identifying the STP Mode on a Catalyst Switch

RSTP Port Roles

RSTP Port States

RSTP Port Types

Chapter Review

Chapter 4 LAN Troubleshooting

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Foundation Topics

Troubleshooting STP

Determining the Root Switch

Determining the Root Port on Nonroot Switches

Determining the Designated Port on Each LAN Segment

STP Convergence

Troubleshooting Layer 2 EtherChannel

Incorrect Options on the channel-group Command

Configuration Checks Before Adding Interfaces to EtherChannels

Analyzing the Switch Data Plane Forwarding

Predicting STP Impact on MAC Tables

Predicting EtherChannel Impact on MAC Tables

Choosing the VLAN of Incoming Frames

Troubleshooting VLANs and VLAN Trunks

Access VLAN Configuration Incorrect

Access VLANs Undefined or Disabled

Mismatched Trunking Operational States

Mismatched Supported VLAN List on Trunks

Mismatched Native VLAN on a Trunk

Chapter Review

Chapter 5 VLAN Trunking Protocol

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Foundation Topics

VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) Concepts

Basic VTP Operation

VTP Version 1 Versus Version 2

VTP Pruning

Summary of VTP Features

VTP Configuration and Verification

Using VTP: Configuring Servers and Clients

Verifying Switches Synchronized Databases

Storing the VTP and Related Configuration

Avoiding Using VTP

VTP Troubleshooting

Determining Why VTP Is Not Synchronizing

Common Rejections When Configuring VTP

Problems When Adding Switches to a Network

Chapter Review

Chapter 6 Miscellaneous LAN Topics

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Foundation Topics

Securing Access with IEEE 802.1x

AAA Authentication

AAA Login Process

TACACS+ and RADIUS Protocols

AAA Configuration Examples

DHCP Snooping

DHCP Snooping Basics

An Example DHCP-based Attack

How DHCP Snooping Works

Summarizing DHCP Snooping Features

Switch Stacking and Chassis Aggregation

Traditional Access Switching Without Stacking

Switch Stacking of Access Layer Switches

Switch Stack Operation as a Single Logical Switch

Cisco FlexStack and FlexStack-Plus

Chassis Aggregation

Chapter Review

Part I Review

Part II IPv4 Routing Protocols

Chapter 7 Understanding OSPF Concepts

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Foundation Topics

Comparing Dynamic Routing Protocol Features

Routing Protocol Functions

Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols

Comparing IGPs

Administrative Distance

OSPF Concepts and Operation

OSPF Overview

Becoming OSPF Neighbors

Exchanging the LSDB Between Neighbors

Calculating the Best Routes with SPF

OSPF Area Design

OSPF Areas

How Areas Reduce SPF Calculation Time

OSPF Area Design Advantages

Chapter Review

Chapter 8 Implementing OSPF for IPv4

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Foundation Topics

Implementing Single-Area OSPFv2

OSPF Single-Area Configuration

Matching with the OSPF network Command

Verifying OSPFv2 Single Area

Configuring the OSPF Router ID

OSPF Passive Interfaces

Implementing Multiarea OSPFv2

Single-Area Configurations

Multiarea Configuration

Verifying the Multiarea Configuration

Additional OSPF Features

OSPF Default Routes

OSPF Metrics (Cost)

OSPF Load Balancing

OSPFv2 Interface Configuration

Chapter Review

Chapter 9 Understanding EIGRP Concepts

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Foundation Topics

EIGRP and Distance Vector Routing Protocols

Introduction to EIGRP

Basic Distance Vector Routing Protocol Features

EIGRP as an Advanced DV Protocol

EIGRP Concepts and Operation

EIGRP Neighbors

Exchanging EIGRP Topology Information

Calculating the Best Routes for the Routing Table

EIGRP Convergence

Chapter Review

Chapter 10 Implementing EIGRP for IPv4

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Foundation Topics

Core EIGRP Configuration and Verification

EIGRP Configuration

Configuring EIGRP Using a Wildcard Mask

Verifying EIGRP Core Features

EIGRP Metrics, Successors, and Feasible Successors

Viewing the EIGRP Topology Table

Examining the Metric Components

Other EIGRP Configuration Settings

Load Balancing Across Multiple EIGRP Routes

Tuning the EIGRP Metric Calculation

Autosummarization and Discontiguous Classful Networks

Chapter Review

Chapter 11 Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing Protocols

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Foundation Topics

Perspectives on Troubleshooting Routing Protocol Problems

Interfaces Enabled with a Routing Protocol

EIGRP Interface Troubleshooting

OSPF Interface Troubleshooting

Neighbor Relationships

EIGRP Neighbor Verification Checks

EIGRP Neighbor Troubleshooting Example

OSPF Neighbor Troubleshooting

Other OSPF Issues

Chapter Review

Chapter 12 Implementing External BGP

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Foundation Topics

BGP Concepts

Advertising Routes with BGP

Internal and External BGP

Choosing the Best Routes with BGP

eBGP and the Internet Edge

eBGP Configuration and Verification

BGP Configuration Concepts

Configuring eBGP Neighbors Using Link