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Summarizes and surveys current LTE technical specifications and implementation options for engineers and newly qualified support staff

Concentrating on three mobile communication technologies, GSM, 3G-WCDMA, and LTE-while majorly focusing on Radio Access Network (RAN) technology-this book describes principles of mobile radio technologies that are used in mobile phones and service providers' infrastructure supporting their operation. It introduces some basic concepts of mobile network engineering used in design and rollout of the mobile network. It then follows up with principles, design constraints, and more advanced insights into radio interface protocol stack, operation, and dimensioning for three major mobile network technologies: Global System Mobile (GSM) and third (3G) and fourth generation (4G) mobile technologies. The concluding sections of the book are concerned with further developments toward next generation of mobile network (5G). Those include some of the major features of 5G such as a New Radio, NG-RAN distributed architecture, and network slicing. The last section describes some key concepts that may bring significant enhancements in future technology and services experienced by customers.

Introduction to Mobile Network Engineering: GSM, 3G-WCDMA, LTE and the Road to 5G covers the types of Mobile Network by Multiple Access Scheme; the cellular system; radio propagation; mobile radio channel; radio network planning; EGPRS - GPRS/EDGE; Third Generation Network (3G), UMTS; High Speed Packet data access (HSPA); 4G-Long Term Evolution (LTE) system; LTE-A; and Release 15 for 5G.

Focuses on Radio Access Network technologies which empower communications in current and emerging mobile network systems
Presents a mix of introductory and advanced reading, with a generalist view on current mobile network technologies
Written at a level that enables readers to understand principles of radio network deployment and operation
Based on the author's post-graduate lecture course on Wireless Engineering
Fully illustrated with tables, figures, photographs, working examples with problems and solutions, and section summaries highlighting the key features of each technology described
Written as a modified and expanded set of lectures on wireless engineering taught by the author, Introduction to Mobile Network Engineering: GSM, 3G-WCDMA, LTE and the Road to 5G is an ideal text for post-graduate and graduate students studying wireless engineering, and industry professionals requiring an introduction or refresher to existing technologies.



Foreword xvii

Acknowledgements xix

Abbreviations xxi

1 Introduction 1

2 Types of Mobile Network by Multiple-Access Scheme 3

3 Cellular System 5

3.1 Historical Background 5

3.2 Cellular Concept 5

3.3 Carrier-to-Interference Ratio 6

3.4 Formation of Clusters 8

3.5 Sectorization 9

3.6 Frequency Allocation 10

3.7 Trunking E?ect 11

3.8 Erlang Formulas 13

3.9 Erlang B Formula 13

3.10 Worked Examples 14

3.10.1 Problem 1 14

3.10.2 Problem 2 16

3.10.3 Problem 3 16

4 Radio Propagation 19

4.1 Propagation Mechanisms 19

4.1.1 Free-Space Propagation 19

4.1.2 Propagation Models for Path Loss (Global Mean) Prediction 22

5 Mobile Radio Channel 27

5.1 Channel Characterization 28

5.1.1 Narrowband Flat Channel 31

5.1.2 Wideband Frequency Selective Channel 31

5.1.3 Doppler Shift 34

5.2 Worked Examples 36

5.2.1 Problem 1 36

5.2.2 Problem 2 36

5.3 Fading 36

5.3.1 Shadowing/Slow Fading 37

5.3.2 Fast Fading/Rayleigh Fading 40

5.4 Diversity to Mitigate Multipath Fading 42

5.4.1 Space and Polarization Diversity 42

5.5 Worked Examples 44

5.5.1 Problem 1 44

5.5.2 Problem 2 44

5.5.3 Problem 3 45

5.6 Receiver Noise Factor (Noise Figure) 45

6 Radio Network Planning 49

6.1 Generic Link Budget 49

6.1.1 Receiver Sensitivity Level 50

6.1.2 Design Level 50

6.1.2.1 Rayleigh Fading Margin 51

6.1.2.2 Lognormal Fading Margin 51

6.1.2.3 Body Loss 51

6.1.2.4 Car Penetration Loss 51

6.1.2.5 Design Level 51

6.1.2.6 Building Penetration Loss 52

6.1.2.7 Outdoor-to-Indoor Design Level 52

6.1.3 Power Link Budget 52

6.1.4 Power Balance 53

6.2 Worked Examples 56

6.2.1 Problem 1 56

6.2.2 Problem 2 57

6.2.3 Problem 3 58

7 Global System Mobile, GSM, 2G 59

7.1 General Concept for GSM System Development 59

7.2 GSM System Architecture 59

7.2.1 Location Area Identity (LAI) 62

7.2.2 The SIM Concept 63

7.2.3 User Addressing in the GSM Network 63

7.2.4 International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI) 63

7.2.5 International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) 64

7.2.6 Di?erent Roles of MSISDN and IMSI 64

7.2.7 Mobile Station Routing Number 64

7.2.8 Calls to Mobile Terminals 65

7.2.9 Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) 66

7.2.10 Security-Related Network Functions: Authentication and Encryption 66

7.2.11 Call Security 67

7.2.12 Operation and Maintenance Security 69

7.3 Radio Speci?cations 69

7.3.1 Spectrum E?ciency 69

7.3.2 Access Technology 71

7.3.3 MAHO and Measurements Performed by Mobile 72

7.3.4 Time Slot and Burst 73

7.3.4.1 Normal Burst 74

7.3.4.2 Frequency Correction Burst (FB) 74

7.3.4.3 Synchronization Burst 75

7.3.4.4 Access Burst 75

7.3.4.5 Dummy Burst 75

7.3.5 GSM Adaptation to a Wideband Propagation Channel 76

7.3.5.1 Training Sequence and Equalization 76

7.3.5.2 The Channel Equalization 77

7.3.5.3 Diversity Against Fast Fading 78

7.3.5.4 Frequency Hopping 79

7.4 Background for the Choice of Radio Parameters 81

7.4.1 Guard Period, Timing Advance 83

7.5 Communication Channels in GSM 84

7.5.1 Tra?c Channels (TCHs) 84

7.5.2 Control Channels 85

7.5.2.1 Common Control Channels 85

7.5.2.2 Dedicated Control Channels 86

7.6 Mapping the Logical Channels onto Physical Channels 86

7.6.1 Frame Format 87

7.6.2 Transmission of User Information: Fast Associated Control Channel 88

7.6.2.1 Data Rates 88

7.6.3 Signalling Multiframe, 51-Frame Multiframe 88

7.6.4 Synchronization 89

7.6.4.1 Frequency Synchronization 90

7.6.4.2 Time Synchronization 90

7.6.5 Signalling Procedures over the Air Interface 90

7.6.5.1 Synchronization to the Base Station 90

7.6.5.2 Registering With the Base Station 91

7.6.5.3 Call Setup 91

7.7 Signalling During a Call 93

7.7.1 Measuring the Signal Levels from Adjacent Cells 93

7.7.2 Handover 94

7.7.2.1 Intra-Cell and Inter-Cell Handover 95

7.7.2.2 Intra- and Inter-BSC Handover 95

7.7.2.3 Intra- and Inter-MSC Handover 95

7.7.2.4 Intra- and Inter-PLMN Handover 95

7.7.2.5 Handover Triggering 95

7.7.3 Power Control 96

7.8 Signal Processing Chain 97

7.8.1 Speech and Channel Coding 97

7.8.2 Reordering and Interleaving of the TCH 99

7.9 Estimating Required Signalling Capacity in the Cell 100

7.9.1 SDCCH Con?gur