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The professional programmer's Deitel® guide to Apple's new Swift programming language for the iOS® and OS X® platforms

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Written for programmers with a background in object-oriented programming in a C-based language like Objective-C, Java, C# or C++, this book applies the Deitel signature live-code approach with scores of complete, working, real-world programs to explore the new Swift language in depth. The code examples feature syntax shading, code highlighting, rich commenting, line-by-line code walkthroughs and live program outputs. The book features thousands of lines of proven Swift code, and tips that will help you build robust applications.

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Start with an introduction to Swift using an early classes and objects approach, then rapidly move on to more advanced topics. When you master the material, you'll be ready to build industrial-strength object-oriented Swift applications.



About This Book

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The SwiftT programming language was arguably the most significant announcement at Apple's 2014 Worldwide Developers Conference. Although apps can still be developed in Objective-C®, Apple says that Swift is its applications programming and systems programming language of the future.

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Swift is a contemporary language with simpler syntax than Objective-C. Because Swift is new, its designers were able to include popular programming language features from languages such as Objective-C, JavaT, C#, Ruby, Python® and many others. These features include automatic reference counting (ARC), type inference, optionals, String interpolation, tuples, closures (lambdas), extensions, generics, operator overloading, functions with multiple return values, switch statement enhancements and more. We've been able to develop apps more quickly in Swift than with Objective-C and the code is shorter, clearer and runs faster on today's multi-core architectures.

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Swift also eliminates the possibility of many errors common in other languages, making your code more robust and secure. Some of these error-prevention features include no implicit conversions, ARC, no pointers, required braces around every control statement's body, assignment operators that do not return values, requiring initialization of all variables and constants before they're used, array bounds checking, automatic checking for overflow of integer calculations, and more. You can combine Swift and Objective-C in the same app to enhance existing Objective-C apps without having to rewrite all the code. Your apps will easily be able to interact with the Cocoa®/Cocoa Touch® frameworks, which are largely written in Objective-C.

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You can also use the new Xcode playgrounds with Swift. A playground is an Xcode window in which you can enter Swift code that compiles and executes as you type it. This allows you to see and hear your code's results as you write it, quickly find and fix errors, and conveniently experiment with features of Swift and the Cocoa/Cocoa Touch frameworks.

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Practical, Example-Rich Coverage of:

Classes, Objects, Methods, Properties
Initializers, Deinitializers, Bridging
Tuples, Array and Dictionary Collections
Structures, Enumerations, Closures, ARC
Inheritance, Polymorphism, Protocols
Type Methods, Type Properties
Generics; Strings and Characters
Operator Overloading, Operator Functions, Custom Operators, Subscripts
Access Control; Type Casting and Checking
Nested Types, Nested Methods
Optionals, Optional Chaining, Extensions
Xcode, Playgrounds, Intro to Cocoa Touch® with a Fully Coded iOS® 8 Tip Calculator App
Overflow Operators, Attributes, Patterns
More topics online
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IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT XCODE AND SWIFT: With Xcode 6.3 and Swift 1.2, Apple introduced several changes in Swift that affect the book´s source code. Please visit www.deitel.com/books/iOS8FP1 for updated source code. The changes do not affect Xcode 6.2 users. You can download Xcode 6.2 from developer.apple.com/downloads/index.action (you'll have to log in with your Apple developer account to see the list of downloads). ¿
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For information on Deitel's Dive Into® Series programming training courses delivered at organizations worldwide visit www.deitel.com/training or to deitel@deitel.com
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Preface xix

Before You Begin xxvii

Chapter 1: Introduction to Swift and Xcode 6 1

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Apple's OS X® and iOS® Operating Systems: A Brief History 3

1.3 Objective-C 3

1.4 Swift: Apple's Programming Language of the Future 4

1.5 Can I Use Swift Exclusively? 9

1.6 Xcode 6 Integrated Development Environment 10

1.7 Creating Swift Apps with Xcode 6 13

1.8 Web Resources 18

Chapter 2: Introduction to Swift Programming 20

2.1 Introduction 21

2.2 A First Swift Program: Printing a Line of Text 21

2.3 Modifying Your First Program 23

2.4 Composing Larger Strings with String Interpolation 25

2.5 Another Application: Adding Integers 27

2.6 Arithmetic 28

2.7 Decision Making: The if Conditional Statement and the Comparative Operators 29

2.8 Wrap-Up 32

Chapter 3: Introduction to Classes, Objects, Methods and Functions 33

3.1 Introduction 34

3.2 Account Class 35

3.3 Creating and Using Account Objects 40

3.4 Value Types vs. Reference Types 45

3.5 Software Engineering with Access Modifiers 46

3.6 Wrap-Up 47

Chapter 4: Control Statements; Assignment, Increment and Logical Operators 48

4.1 Introduction 49

4.2 Control Statements 49

4.3 if Conditional Statement 50

4.4 if.else Conditional Statement 50

4.5 Compound Assignment Operators 52

4.6 Increment and Decrement Operators 53

4.7 switch Conditional Statement 55

4.8 while Loop Statement 57

4.9 do.while Loop Statement 58

4.10 for.in Loop Statement and the Range Operators 58

4.11 for Loop Statement 63

4.12 break and continue Statements 64

4.13 Logical Operators 66

4.14 Wrap-Up 69

Chapter 5: Functions and Methods: A Deeper Look; enums and Tuples 70

5.1 Introduction 71

5.2 Modules in Swift 72

5.3 Darwin Module-Using Predefined C Functions 73

5.4 Multiple-Parameter Function Definition 74

5.5 Random-Number Generation 76

5.6 Introducing Enumerations and Tuples 77

5.7 Scope of Declarations 84

5.8 Function and Method Overloading 86

5.9 External Parameter Names 88

5.10 Default Parameter Values 89

5.11 Passing Arguments by Value or by Reference 90

5.12 Recursion 92

5.13 Nested Functions 93

5.14 Wrap-Up 95

Chapter 6: Arrays and an Introduction to Closures 96

6.1 Introduction 97

6.2 Arrays 98

6.3 Creating and Initializing Arrays 99