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The industry favorite Linux guide, updated for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 and the cloud
Linux Bible, 9th Edition is the ultimate hands-on Linux user guide, whether you´re a true beginner or a more advanced user navigating recent changes. This updated ninth edition covers the latest versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (RHEL 7), Fedora 21, and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, and includes new information on cloud computing and development with guidance on Openstack and Cloudforms. With a focus on RHEL 7, this practical guide gets you up to speed quickly on the new enhancements for enterprise-quality file systems, the new boot process and services management, firewalld, and the GNOME 3 desktop. Written by a Red Hat expert, this book provides the clear explanations and step-by-step instructions that demystify Linux and bring the new features seamlessly into your workflow.

This useful guide assumes a base of little or no Linux knowledge, and takes you step by step through what you need to know to get the job done.

Get Linux up and running quickly
Master basic operations and tackle more advanced tasks
Get up to date on the recent changes to Linux server system management
Bring Linux to the cloud using Openstack and Cloudforms
Linux Bible, 9th Edition is the one resource you need, and provides the hands-on training that gets you on track in a flash.



Table of Contents

Acknowledgments xi
Introduction xxxiii

Part I: Getting Started 1

Chapter 1: Starting with Linux 3

Understanding What Linux Is 4

Understanding How Linux Differs from Other Operating Systems 6

Exploring Linux History 6

Free-flowing UNIX culture at Bell Labs 7

Commercialized UNIX 9

Berkeley Software Distribution arrives 9

UNIX Laboratory and commercialization 10

GNU transitions UNIX to freedom 11

BSD loses some steam 13

Linus builds the missing piece 13

OSI open source definition 14

Understanding How Linux Distributions Emerged 16

Choosing a Red Hat distribution 17

Using Red Hat Enterprise Linux 17

Using Fedora 18

Choosing Ubuntu or another Debian distribution 19

Finding Professional Opportunities with Linux Today 20

Understanding how companies make money with Linux 21

Becoming Red Hat certified 22

RHCSA topics 23

RHCE topics 24

Summary 26

Chapter 2: Creating the Perfect Linux Desktop 29

Understanding Linux Desktop Technology 30

Starting with the Fedora GNOME Desktop Live image 32

Using the GNOME 3 Desktop 33

After the computer boots up 33

Navigating with the mouse 34

Navigating with the keyboard 38

Setting up the GNOME 3 desktop 41

Extending the GNOME 3 desktop 42

Using GNOME shell extensions 42

Using the GNOME Tweak Tool 44

Starting with desktop applications 45

Managing files and folders with Nautilus 45

Installing and managing additional software 46

Playing music with Rhythmbox 48

Stopping the GNOME 3 desktop 49

Using the GNOME 2 Desktop 49

Using the Metacity window manager 50

Changing GNOME's appearance 52

Using the GNOME panels 53

Using the Applications and System menus 54

Adding an applet 54

Adding another panel 55

Adding an application launcher 55

Adding a drawer 56

Changing panel properties 57

Adding 3D effects with AIGLX 58

Summary 60

Exercises 61

Part II: Becoming a Linux Power User 63

Chapter 3: Using the Shell 65

About Shells and Terminal Windows 66

Using the shell prompt 67

Using a terminal window 68

Using virtual consoles 69

Choosing Your Shell 69

Running Commands 70

Understanding command syntax 71

Locating commands 74

Recalling Commands Using Command History 76

Command-line editing 77

Command-line completion 79

Command-line recall 80

Connecting and Expanding Commands 82

Piping between commands 82

Sequential commands 83

Background commands 83

Expanding commands 84

Expanding arithmetic expressions 84

Expanding variables 85

Using Shell Variables 85

Creating and using aliases 87

Exiting the shell 88

Creating Your Shell Environment 88

Configuring your shell 88

Setting your prompt 89

Adding environment variables 91

Getting Information about Commands 92

Summary 94

Exercises 95

Chapter 4: Moving around the Filesystem 97

Using Basic Filesystem Commands 100

Using Metacharacters and Operators 102

Using file-matching metacharacters 102

Using file-redirection metacharacters 103

Using brace expansion characters 105

Listing Files and Directories 105

Understanding File Permissions and Ownership 109

Changing permissions with chmod (numbers) 111

Changing permissions with chmod (letters) 111

Setting default file permission with umask 112

Changing file ownership 113

Moving, Copying, and Removing Files 114

Summary 115

Exercises 115

Chapter 5: Working with Text Files 117

Editing Files with vim and vi 117

Starting with vi 119

Adding text 119

Moving around in the text 120

Deleting, copying, and changing text 121

Pasting (putting) text 122

Repeating commands 122

Exiting vi 122

Skipping around in the file 123

Searching for text 124

Using ex mode 124

Learning more about vi and vim 124

Finding Files 125

Using locate to find files by name 125

Searching for files with find 127

Finding files by name 127

Finding files by size 128

Finding files by user 128

Finding files by permission 129

Finding files by date and time 130

Using 'not' and 'or' when finding files 131

Finding files and executing commands 131

Searching in files with grep 132

Summary 134

Exercises 134

Chapter 6: Managing Running Processes 137

Understanding Processes 137

Listing Processes 138

Listing processes with ps 138

Listing and changing processes with top 140

Listing processes with System Monitor 142

Managing Background and Foreground Processes 144

Starting background processes 144

Using foreground and background commands 145

Killing and Renicing Processes 146

Killing processes with kill and killall 146

Using kill to signal processes by PID 147

Using killall to signal processes by name 148

Setting processor priority with nice and renice 148

Limiting Processes with cgroups 149

Summary 151

Exercises 151

Chapter 7: Writing Simple Shell Scripts 153

Understanding Shell Scripts 153

Executing and debugging shell scripts 154

Understanding shell variables 154

Special shell positional parameters 156

Reading in parameters 157

Parameter expansion in bash 157

Performing arithmetic in shell scripts 158

Using programming constructs in shell scripts 159

The "if.thenö statements 159

The case command 162

The "for.doö loop 163

The "while.doö and "until.doö loops 164

Trying some useful text manipulation programs 164

The general regular expression parser 165

Remove sections of lines of text (cut) 165

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