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The Second Edition of the bestselling Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook brings together all aspects of the design and implementation of measurement, instrumentation, and sensors. Reflecting the current state of the art, it describes the use of instruments and techniques for performing practical measurements in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences and discusses processing systems, automatic data acquisition, reduction and analysis, operation characteristics, accuracy, errors, calibrations, and the incorporation of standards for control purposes.

Organized according to measurement problem, the Electromagnetic, Optical, Radiation, Chemical, and Biomedical Measurement volume of the Second Edition:

Contains contributions from field experts, new chapters, and updates to all 98 existing chapters
Covers sensors and sensor technology, time and frequency, signal processing, displays and recorders, and optical, medical, biomedical, health, environmental, electrical, electromagnetic, and chemical variables

A concise and useful reference for engineers, scientists, academic faculty, students, designers, managers, and industry professionals involved in instrumentation and measurement research and development, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, Second Edition: Electromagnetic, Optical, Radiation, Chemical, and Biomedical Measurement provides readers with a greater understanding of advanced applications.

Table of Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

Editors

Contributors

Part I: Sensors and Sensor Technology

Soft Sensors: Software-Based Sensors

Petr Kadlec

Implantable Systems

Vincenzo Luciano, Emilio Sardini, Alessandro Dionisi, Mauro Serpelloni, and Andrea Cadei

Bio-Inspired and Life-Inspired Sensors

Cesar Ortega-Sanchez and Halit Eren

Image Sensors

Mehdi Habibi

Principles and Technology of SQUIDs

Robert L. Fagaly

Next Generation of Smart Sensors

Michael E. Stanley and Stéphane Gervais-Ducouret

Needle-Type Environmental Sensors

Woo Hyoung Lee, Jin-Hwan Lee, Woo-Hyuck Choi, Ian Papautsky, and Paul L. Bishop

Single-Chip Chemical and Biological Sensors

Alireza Hassanzadeh and Robert G. Lindquist

CMOS Integrated Gas Sensors

Prasanta K. Guha, Sumita Santra, and Julian W. Gardner

Energy Harvesting for Sensors: DC Harvesters

Oscar Lopez-Lapeña, Maria Teresa Penella, and Manel Gasulla

Energy Harvesting for Sensors: AC Harvesters

Maria Teresa Penella, Oscar Lopez-Lapeña, and Manel Gasulla

Hydrogen Gas Sensors: Flow

H. El Matbouly, F. Domingue, V. Palmisano, and L. Boon-Brett

Thermal Sensors: Flow

Nam-Trung Nguyen

SQUID Magnetometers

Robert L. Fagaly

Sensor Networks and Communication

Robert M. Crovella

Part II: Electrical Variables

Electric Current Sensors

Pavel Ripka

Nonlinear System Modeling with Invariance to Fourier Transform for Fault Diagnosis: Application to Power Transformers

Gerasimos Rigatos and Pierluigi Siano

Meter Voltage Measurement

Alessandro Ferrero

Oscilloscope Voltage Measurement

Jerry Murphy

Inductive and Capacitive Voltage Measurement

Cipriano Bartoletti, Luca Podestà, and Giancarlo Sacerdoti

Current Measurement

Douglas P. McNutt

Power Measurement

Pasquale Arpaia, Francesco Avallone, Aldo Baccigalupi, and Carmine Landi

Power Factor Measurement

Michael Z. Lowenstein

Phase Measurement

Peter O'Shea

Energy Measurement

Arnaldo Brandolini and Alessandro Gandelli

Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity

Michael B. Heaney

Charge Measurement

Saps Buchman, John T. Mester, and T.J. Sumner

Capacitance and Capacitance Measurements

Halit Eren

Permeability and Hysteresis Measurement

Jeff P. Anderson and Richard J. Blotzer

Inductance Measurement

Michal Szyper

Immittance Measurement

Achim Dreher

Distortion Measurement

Michael F. Toner and Gordon W. Roberts

Noise Measurement

W. Marshall Leach, Jr.

Part III: Electromagnetic Variables

Microwave Measurement

Alfons Dehé, K. Beilenhoff, K. Fricke, H. Klingbeil, V. Krozer, and H.L. Hartnagel

Q Factor Measurement

Albert D. Helfrick

EMI and EMC Test Methods

Jeffrey P. Mills

Permittivity Measurement

Devendra K. Misra

Electric-Field Strength

David A. Hill and Motohisa Kanda

Magnetic Field Measurement

Robert L. Fagaly and Steven A. Macintyre

RF/Microwave Spectrum Analysis

Roberto Ambrosini, Stelio Montebugnoli, Claudio Bortolotti, and Mauro Roma

Part IV: Time and Frequency

Time Measurement

Michael A. Lombardi

Frequency Measurement

Michael A. Lombardi

Part V: Optical

Photoconductive Sensors

Fritz Schuermeyer and Thad Pickenpaugh

Photojunction Sensors

Michael R. Squillante, Kanai S. Shah, and James F. Christian

Vision and Image Sensors

Stanley S. Ipson and Chima Okereke

Charge-Coupled Devices

John A. Nousek, M.W. Bautz, B.E. Burke, J.A. Gregory, R.E. Griffiths, R.L. Kraft, H.L. Kwok, and D.H. Lumb

Densitometry Measurement

Joseph H. Altman

Colorimetry

Robert T. Marcus

Polarization Measurement

Soe-Mie F. Nee

Refractive Index Measurement

Gerry H. Meeten

Turbidity Measurement

Daniel Harrison and Michael Fisch

Laser Output Measurement

Haiyin Sun

Optical Loss: Principles and Applications

M.M. Rad, Halit Eren, and Martin Maier

Part VI: Chemical Variables

Interference and Selectivity in Portable Chemical Sensors

Denise Wilson

Electrochemical Composition Measurement

Michael J. Schöning, Arshak Poghossian, Olaf Glück, and Marion Thust

Thermal Composition Measurement

Mushtaq Ali, Behrooz Pahlavanpour, and Maria Eklund

Kinetic Composition Measurement

E.E. Uzgiris and J.Y. Gui

Chromatography Composition Measurement

Behrooz Pahlavanpour, Mushtaq Ali, and C.K. Laird

pH Measurement

Norman F. Sheppard, Jr. and Anthony Guiseppi-Elie

Part VII: Medical, Biomedical, and Health

Wireless Sensor Networks in Health

Enrique Dorronzoro, Isabel Gómez, Ana Verónica Medina, Luis Fernández-Luque, and Jose Antonio Gómez

Sensors for Electrical Impedance Tomography

Tushar Kanti Bera and J. Nagaraju

Patient-Care Sensing and Monitoring Systems

Akihiro Kajiwara and Ryohei Nakamura

Sensor-Based Activity Recognition Techniques

Donghai Guan, Weiwei Yuan, and Sungyoung Lee

Biopotentials and Electrophysiology Measurement

Nitish V. Thakor

Blood Pressure Measurement

Shyam Rithalia, Mark Sun, and Roger Jones

Blood Flow Measurements

Per Ask and P. Åke Öberg

Medical Imaging

James T. Dobbins III, Sean M. Hames, Bruce H. Hasegawa, Timothy R. DeGrado, James A. Zagzebski, and Richard Frayne

Blood Chemistry Measurement

Terry L. Rusch and Ravi Sankar

Human Occupancy Detectors

Jacob Fraden

Part VIII: Environmental

GPR Principles and Applications

Jan Francke

Airborne Radiometers to Measure E