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Features
The classic text on perception and imaging, fully revised to include the effects of the digital age and the study of photographic psychology.
Now includes discussion of online photosharing and social media, and their effect on the creation and perception of images, and how buttonized feedback affects critique of images.
Discusses digital media related aspects such as digital impermanence, sensory and cognitive overload, and the selfie, and their effects on perception.
New discussion of the study of microexpressions, Rorschach inkblots and subliminal reactions, transference, synectics, and Cartier-Bressons ´decisive moment.´
Includes a free downloadable workbook of chapter exercises and appendixes ´Additional Concepts´ and ´Ads from the Past´ for student and instructor use.
Summary
When you look at an image, what do you see, think, and feel? How do you want your audience to react when they view your work? For over 30 years the late Richard Zakia helped photographers enrich their creative vision through his classic book, Perception and Imaging. Now he is joined by co-author John Suler who extensively studied and worked with images throughout his career as a clinical psychologist. Together they present their insights into the principles of perception, memory, color, time, space, shapes, illusion, subliminals, rhetoric, personality style, and photo critique. Unlike any other book, Perception and Imaging will give you an extensive understanding of how photography relates to art, design, advertising, psychology, and philosophy, as well as what makes photography unique among the image-making disciplines. Whether you are a beginner or a professional, this information will help you appreciate photography not simply as a mastering of technique and composition, but as a way of truly seeing, especially now in the digital age.
- New sections about photo sharing in social media and online groups devoted to photography critique
- Includes inspirational images from some of the world's most well-known photographers, including Henri Cartier-Bresson, Man Ray, and Ansel Adams
- A comprehensive discussion of the ´decisive moment´ photo, its vital ingredients, and why some consider it the essence of photography
- New sections about body language in photographs, camera angles, aspect ratios, self portraits and selfies, and how memory and personality affect photography
Table of Contents
Contents
Preface to the Fifth Edition
Acknowledgments
1 Selection
Ganzfeld
Figure-Ground
Figure-Ground Boundary
Graphic Symbols
Similar Concepts to Figure-Ground
Graininess and Noise
Resolution
Figure-Ground Enhancement
The Bigger Picture of Figure-Ground
Notan
Visual Search
Camouflage
Negative Space
Noticing Negative Space
The Role of the Frame
Strategies for Using Negative Space
Viewpoint and Camera Angles
Key Words
Notes
2 Gestalt Grouping
Field Theory and the Gestalt Laws
Proximity
Proximity, Area, and Contrast
Side-by-Side Images
Temporal Proximity
Proximity and Learning
Similarity
Similarity of Shape
Similarity and Repetition
Similarity and Proximity
Symmetry and Asymmetry
Symmetry and Redundancy
Symmetry in Graphic Symbols
Continuity
Continuity in Typography
Continuity in Sequences
Closure
Closure and Nonclosure
Closed Areas
The Zeigarnik Effect
People as Participants
Gestalt Critique
Words of Caution
Captions, Copy, Gestalt
Pragnanz
Pragnanz as an Overarching Principle
Order and Complexity
A Summary of Gestalt Principles
Key Words
Notes
3 Memory and Association
Types of Memory
From STM to LTM
Body/Somatic Memory
Verbal Memory
Visual Memory
Color Memory
Unconscious Memory
Association
Equivalents
Associations in Advertisements
Props (Signifiers)
Associations to Color
Synesthesia
Rebuses and Pictograms
Onomatopoeia and Simile
Metaphors
Semiotics
Iconic, Indexical and Symbolic Representation
Semiotics in Analyzing and Designing Ads
Semiotic Operations
Conceptual Photography
Is Conceptual Photography Art?
The Concept in Conceptual Photography
What Does It Mean, and to Whom?
The Sender, Channel, and Receiver
Concept Difficulty
Creating Titles and Descriptions
Symbolism, Metaphors, Similes, and Anthropomorphism
Composition and Post-Processing Techniques
The Pretty and Ugly Factors
Forward and Reverse Engineering
Educational Applications
Conceptual Advertisements
Key Words
Notes
4 Space, Time, and Movement
Space
The Perception of Depth
Anisotropicity
Rule of Thirds
Golden Section and Fibonacci Numbers
Aspect Ratio and Cropping
Convexity/Concavity
Transparency
Time and Movement
Eye Movement in Composition
The Rhythm of Repeating Elements
Gradation
Blur
Multiple Exposures
Motion in Stillness
The Decisive Moment
Capturing the Unique Fleeting Instant
Candid Shots of People in Real Life
Visual Coalescence
Figure/Ground Relationships
The Gap and Anticipating Closure
The One Hit Wonder
Creating and Losing Oneself
The Hour Leading to the Decisive Moment
The Myth and Reality of the Decisive Moment Photo
Key Words
5 Color
Color Notation Systems
Munsell System
Pantone®
CIE System
CIE Chromaticity Diagram
Luminance (Value or Brightness)
Naming Colors within the CIE Map
Color Gamuts (Color Space)
Color Perception
The Visual Field
Flare Desaturates Colors
Color Test Chart
Color Reproduction
Subtractive Color
Additive Color
Complementary Colors
Color Is a Chameleon
Constancy
Metamerism
Simultaneous Contrast and Assimilation
Color Dependency
Phosphors and Pointillism
Color Modality
Color Temperature
Color Names
Color and Synesthesia
Synesthesia and Photography
Color Connotations
Color versus Color
Neutral Colors
Black and White Photography
B&W as the Origin of Photography
The Absence of Color
B&W Photography in the Digital Age
Selective Color
Key Words
Notes
6 Contours
Common Contour
Playing with Depth Perception
Activating an Image
Subjective Contour
Mach Bands
Visual Vibrations
Photographic Edge Effects
Acutance
Film and Digital Sharpness
Cornsweet Effect
Development
The Psychology of Being Sharp
The Beauty of Blur
Key Words
Notes
7 Illusion and Ambiguity
Trompe l'Oeil
Space, Time, and Color Illusions
Geometric Illusions
Reversibles
Time (Movement) Illusions
Depth Cues and Movement
The Pulfrich Effect
The Waterfall Effect
Color Illusions
Size-Distance Tradeoffs
Dutch Cabinets
Size-Size Dependency
Shrinking Size, Increasing Distance
Emmert's Law
Size-Distance Reversal
Ambiguity
Ambiguity in Language
Ambiguity in Images
Illu