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Each chapter presents its topic in a didactic format so that the reader can acquire the basic knowledge needed to work effectively with researchers and clinicians from the wide range of disciplines engaged in BCI research.



In the last 15 years, a recognizable surge in the field of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) research and development has emerged. This emergence has sprung from a variety of factors. For one, inexpensive computer hardware and software is now available and can support the complex high-speed analyses of brain activity that is essential is BCI. Another factor is the greater understanding of the central nervous system including the abundance of new information on the nature and functional correlates of brain signals and improved methods for recording these signals in both the short-term and long-term. And the third, and perhaps most significant factor, is the new recognition of the needs and abilities of people disabled by disorders such as cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis, and muscular dystrophies. The severely disabled are now able to live for many years and even those with severely limited voluntary muscle control can now be given the most basic means of communication and control because of the recent advances in the technology, research, and applications of BCI. This book is intended to provide an introduction to and summary of essentially all major aspects of BCI research and development. Its goal is to be a comprehensive, balanced, and coordinated presentation of the field´s key principles, current practice, and future prospects.



Table of Contents
Contributors
PART I: INTRODUCTION
1. Brain-Computer Interfaces: Something New under the Sun
Jonathan R. Wolpaw and Elizabeth Winter Wolpaw
PART II: BRAIN SIGNALS FOR BCIs
2. Neuronal Activity in Motor Cortex and Related Areas
Lee E. Miller and Nicholas Hatsopoulos
3. Electric and Magnetic Fields Produced by the Brain
Paul L. Nunez
4. Signals Reflecting Brain Metabolic Activity
Nick F. Ramsey
PART III: BCI DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND OPERATION
5. Acquiring Brain Signals from Within the Brain
Kevin Otto, Kip A. Ludwig, Daryl R. Kipke
6. Acquiring Brain Signals from Outside the Brain
Ramesh Srinivasan
7. BCI Signal Processing: Feature Extraction
Dean J. Krusienski, Dennis J. McFarland, and José C. Princípe
8. BCI Signal Processing: Feature Translation
Dennis J. McFarland and Dean J. Krusienski
9. BCI Hardware and Software
J. Adam Wilson, Christoph Guger, and Gerwin Schalk
10. BCI Operating Protocols
Steven G. Mason, Brendan Z. Allison, and Jonathan R. Wolpaw
11. BCI Applications
Jane E. Huggins and Debra Zeitlin
PART IV: EXISTING BCIs
12. BCIs that Use P300 Event-Related Potentials
Eric W. Sellers, Yael Arbel, and Emanuel Donchin
13. BCIs that Use Sensorimotor Rhythms
Gert Pfurtscheller and Dennis J. McFarland
14. BCIs that Use Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials or Slow Cortical Potentials
Brendan Z. Allison, Josef Faller, and Christa Neuper
15. BCIs that Use Electrocorticographic (ECoG) Activity
Gerwin Schalk
16. BCIs that Use Signals Recorded in Motor Cortex
John P. Donoghue
17. BCIs that Use Signals Recorded in Parietal or Premotor Cortex
Hansjörg Scherberger
18. BCIs that Use Brain Metabolic Signals
Ranganatha Sitaram, Sangkyung Lee, and Niels Birbaumer
PART V: USING BCIs
19. BCI Users and Their Needs
Leigh R. Hochberg and Kim D. Anderson
20. Clinical Evaluation of BCIs
Theresa M. Vaughan, Eric W. Sellers, and Jonathan R. Wolpaw
21. Dissemination: Getting BCIs to the People Who Need Them
Frances J.R. Richmond and Gerald E. Loeb
22. BCI Therapeutic Applications for Improving Brain Function
Janis J. Daly and Ranganatha Sitaram
23. BCI Applications for the General Population
Benjamin Blankertz, Michael Tangermann, and Klaus-Robert Mu?ller
24. Ethical Issues in BCI Research
Mary-Jane Schneider, Joseph J. Fins, and Jonathan R. Wolpaw
PART VI: CONCLUSION
25. The Future of BCIs: Meeting the Expectations
Jonathan R. Wolpaw and Elizabeth Winter Wolpaw
Index