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This book focuses on protective relaying, which is an indispensable part of electrical power systems. The recent advancements in protective relaying are being dictated by MMPRs (microprocessor-based multifunction relays). The text covers smart grids, integration of wind and solar generation, microgrids, and MMPRs as the driving aspects of innovations in protective relaying. Topics such as cybersecurity and instrument transformers are also explored. Many case studies and practical examples are included to emphasize real-world applications.



Table of Contents
1. Modern Protective Relaying: An Overview

2. Protective Relays

3. Instrument Transformers

4. Microprocessor-Based Multifunction Relays

5. Current Interruption Devices and Battery Systems

6. Overcurrent Protection: Ideal and Practical

7. System Grounding

8. Ground Fault Protection

9. Bus-Bar Protection and Autotransfer of Loads

10. Motor Protection

11. Generator Protection

12. Transformer Reactor and Shunt Capacitor Bank Protection

13. Protection of Lines

14. Pilot Protection

15. Power System Stability

16. Substation Automation and Communication Protocols Including IEC 61850

17. Protective Relaying for Arc-Flash Reduction