Librería Portfolio

Smart cities are a new vision for urban development. They integrate information and communication technology infrastructures - in the domains of artificial intelligence, distributed and cloud computing, and sensor networks - into a city, to facilitate quality of life for its citizens and sustainable growth. This book explores various concepts for the development of these new technologies (including agent-oriented programming, broadband infrastructures, wireless sensor networks, Internet-based networked applications, open data and open platforms), and how they can provide smart services and enablers in a range of public domains.

The most significant research, both established and emerging, is brought together to enable academics and practitioners to investigate the possibilities of smart cities, and to generate the knowledge and solutions required to develop and maintain them.



Preface xi
Amal EL FALLAH SEGHROUCHNI, Fuyuki ISHIKAWA and Kenji TEI

Introduction xvii
Amal EL FALLAH SEGHROUCHNI, Fuyuki ISHIKAWA and Kenji TEI

Chapter 1. Shared Wireless Sensor Networks as Enablers for a Context Management System in Smart Cities 1
Kenji TEI

1.1. Introduction 1

1.2. Background 3

1.3. XAC middleware 5

1.3.1. Architecture of XAC middleware 6

1.4. Task-description language 7

1.4.1. Existing solutions 8

1.4.2. XAC middleware solutions 10

1.5. Runtime task management 12

1.5.1. Existing solutions 12

1.5.2. XAC middleware solutions 14

1.6. Self-adaptation 16

1.6.1. Existing solutions 17

1.6.2. XAC middleware solutions 17

1.7. Discussion 18

1.8. Conclusion 19

1.9 Bibliography 19

Chapter 2. Sensorizer: An Architecture for Regenerating Cyber-physical Data Streams from the Web 23
Jin NAKAZAWA

2.1. Introduction 23

2.2. Sensorizer architecture 25

2.2.1. Sensing process of EWC 25

2.2.2. Sensorizer architecture 25

2.3. Implementation 27

2.3.1. Sensorizer browser extension 27

2.3.2. Probe 28

2.3.3. Sensorizer/SoX API 29

2.4. Case of sensorized smart cities 29

2.5. Conclusion 32

2.6. Bibliography 32

Chapter 3. Smart Agent Foundations: From Planning to Spatio-temporal Guidance 33
Ahmed-Chawki CHAOUCHE, Amal EL FALLAH SEGHROUCHNI, Jean-Michel ILIÉ and Djamel Eddine SAÏDOUNI

3.1. Introduction 33

3.2. Smart-campus: use case and scenario 35

3.2.1. Smart-campus architecture 36

3.2.2. Scenario 37

3.3. Description of the software architecture for a smart ambient agent 37

3.4. Higher order agent model 38

3.4.1. Application to the scenario 39

3.5. Description of the concurrent planner based on AgLOTOS language 40

3.5.1. Agent plan structure 40

3.5.2. Syntax of AgLOTOS plans 42

3.5.3. Building of the agent plan from the intentions 44

3.5.4. Planning state of the agent 45

3.6. Contextual planning guidance 45

3.6.1. Semantics of AgLOTOS plans 46

3.6.2. Contextual planning system 48

3.6.3. Application to the scenario 50

3.7. Spatio-temporal guidance from past experiences 52

3.7.1. Contextual planning architecture 52

3.7.2. Learning actions from past experiences 53

3.7.3. Spatio-temporal guidance 58

3.8. Conclusion 61

3.9. Bibliography 62

Chapter 4. A Multi-Agent Middleware for Deployment of Ambient Applications 65
Ferdinand PIETTE, Amal EL FALLAH SEGHROUCHNI, Patrick TAILLIBERT, Costin CAVAL and CÉDRIC DINONT

4.1. Introduction 65

4.2. Challenges for ambient intelligence and Internet of Things 67

4.2.1. Toward the heterogeneity of hardware and protocols 67

4.2.2. Data transport and processing 69

4.2.3. Management of data privacy 71

4.3. Deployment of applications for ambient systems 73

4.3.1. Reasoning about heterogeneity 73

4.3.2. Graph modeling 74

4.3.3. Mathematical formalization of the deployment process 76

4.3.4. Modified graph-matching algorithm 81

4.3.5. Conclusion 85

4.4. Multi-agent middleware for ambient systems 86

4.4.1. Scenario 87

4.4.2. Multi-agent modeling 88

4.4.3. Distributed reasoning 92

4.4.4. Design and implementation 96

4.5. Conclusion 102

4.6. Bibliography 103

Chapter 5. ClouT: Cloud of Things for Empowering Citizen's Clout in Smart Cities 107
Kenji TEI, Levent GÜREEN and TAKURO YONEZAWA

5.1. Objective of the ClouT project 107

5.2. Goal of the ClouT project 109

5.3. ClouT concept 110

5.3.1. CIaaS concept 112

5.3.2. CPaaS concept 115

5.3.3. CSaaS concept 117

5.4. ClouT reference architecture 118

5.4.1. CIaaS components 118

5.4.2. CPaaS components 120

5.4.3. Security and Dependability components 121

5.5. Mapping the architecture 122

5.6. Conclusion 125

5.7. Bibliography 126

Chapter 6. sensiNact IoT Platform as a Service 127
Levent GÜRGEN, Christophe MUNILLA, Rémi DRUILHE, Etienne GANDRILLE and Jander BOTELHO DO NASCIMENTO

6.1. Introduction 128

6.2. State of the art 130

6.2.1. IoT solutions architectures 130

6.2.2. Existing IoT platforms 131

6.3. Architecture and data model 133

6.4. Platform security management 138

6.5. The sensiNact studio 140

6.5.1. Graphical user interface 141

6.5.2. Creating applications 143

6.5.3. Application deployment 144

6.6. Conclusion 146

6.7. Bibliography 146

Chapter 7. Verification and Configuration of Smart Space Applications 149
Fuyuki ISHIKAWA and Shinichi HONIDEN

7.1. Introduction 149

7.2. Conflicts in smart space applications 150

7.2.1. Event-driven control of smart spaces 150

7.2.2. Description of event-driven behavior 151

7.2.3. Conflicts in event-driven control 151

7.2.4. Application of model checking techniques 153

7.3. Framework for verifying and configuring smart space applications 154

7.3.1. Overview 154

7.3.2. Semantic model 155

7.3.3. Definition of state transition model 158

7.3.4. Properties to verify 159

7.3.5. Implementation 160

7.3.6. Model checker implementation 161

7.4. Case study 161

7.4.1. Scenario and initial specification 161

7.4.2. Analyzing sound conflicts 162

7.4.3. Further scenarios 164

7.5. Related work 164

7.6. Concluding remarks 165

7.7. Acknowledgments 166

7.8. Bibliography 166

Chapter 8. SmartSantander: A Massive Self-Managed, Scalable and Interconnected IoT Deployment 169
José Antonio GALACHE, Juan Ramón SANTANA and Luis MUÑOZ

8.1. Introduction 169

8.2. SmartSantander: novel architecture for service provision and experimentation 170

8.3. SmartSantander deployment: use cases 173

8.4. SmartSantander interacting with ClouT 175

8.4.1. IoT device naming 176

8.4.2. IoT device description 177

8.4.3. IoT resource manager 181

8.4.4. Virtualization module 182

8.5. Conclusions 184

8.6. Bibliography 185

Chapter 9. Using Context-aware Multi-agent Systems for Robust Smart City Infrastructure 187
Andrei OLARU, Adina Magda FLOREA and Amal EL FALLAH SEGHROUCHNI

9.1. Introduction 187

9.1.1. Smart cities and ambient intelligence 1