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As computers proliferate and as the field of computer graphics matures, it has become increasingly important for computer scientists to understand how users perceive and interpret computer graphics. Experimental Design: From User Studies to Psychophysics is an accessible introduction to psychological experiments and experimental design, covering the major components in the design, execution, and analysis of perceptual studies.

The book begins with an introduction to the concepts central to designing and understanding experiments, including developing a research question, setting conditions and controls, and balancing specificity with generality. The book then explores in detail a number of types of experimental tasks: free description, rating scales, forced-choice, specialized multiple choice, and real-world tasks as well as physiological studies. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each type and provides examples of that type of experiment from the authors' own work. The book also covers stimulus-related issues, including popular stimulus resources. It concludes with a thorough examination of statistical techniques for analyzing results, including methods specific to individual tasks.



Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
What Is an Experiment?
The Research Question
The Relationship between Hypothesis and Task
The Experiment
How to Use This Book

Designing an Experiment
Specificity versus Generality
The Elements of an Experiment

RESPONSE MEASURES
The Task
Task Taxonomy
Which Method Should I Use to Answer My Question?
Naive Participants
Ethics Review
General Guidelines
Summary

Free Description
Overview of Free-Description Tasks
Task Description
Specific Variants
Conclusions

Rating Scales
Overview of Rating Tasks
Task Description
Specific Variants
Conclusions

Forced Choice
Overview of Forced-Choice Tasks
Task Description
Specific Variants
Conclusions

Specialized Multiple Choice
Overview of Specialized Multiple-Choice Tasks
Task Description
Specific Variants
Conclusions

Real-World Tasks
Overview of Real-World Tasks
Task Description
Specific Variants
Conclusions

Physiology
Psychophysiological Measurements
Eye Tracking
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

STIMULI
Choosing Stimuli
Control
Stimulus Databases

Presenting Stimuli: The Psychtoolbox
History
Contents
Getting Started
Example 1: A Simple Experiment
Example 2: A More Involved Experiment

DATA ANALYSIS
Statistical Issues
Variables
Distributions
Descriptive versus Inferential Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
Hypothesis Testing
Common Statistical Tests

Free Description, Questionnaires, and Rating Scales
Analysis of Free-Description Data
Rater Agreement and Rater Reliability
Analysis of Semantic Differentials, Similarity Ratings, and Multiple Scales

Force and Multiple Choice
Signal Detection Theory
Receiver Operator Characteristic
Measuring Sensitivity Using d'
Psychometric Functions

Bibliography