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MODELING THE OPTICAL AND VISUAL PERFORMANCE OF THE HUMAN EYE
Título:
MODELING THE OPTICAL AND VISUAL PERFORMANCE OF THE HUMAN EYE
Subtítulo:
Autor:
GOBBI, P
Editorial:
SPIE PRESS
Año de edición:
2013
ISBN:
978-0-8194-9254-8
Páginas:
430
99,95 €

 

Sinopsis

This book provides a faithful and robust simulation of the optical and visual performances of the human eye for axial vision of distant objects in a variety of visual conditions. The author moves from intrinsically theoretical aspects (the optical and neurophysical models of the eye) to include a great number of experimental measurements from the scientific literature, in order to adapt the model parameters to the observed phenomenology and validate the predictivity power of the models themselves. The results are very satisfactory in terms of quantitative and qualitative adherence of model predictions to field measurements.

Resulting from the author´s investigations over the last decade, the book material is largely original, and the most relevant achievement can be found in the capacity to evaluate visual acuity for a range of visual conditions, such as variations in pupil size, refractive error, and ambient illumination.

Thanks to the general organization of the book, chapters and paragraphs with high level mathematical and physical optics content can be safely skipped without compromising the overall comprehension. To this end, a brief summary is provided at the end of each chapter, making this book appropriate for readers with greatly varying degrees of technical knowledge.



Preface
Part I Chromatic Aspherical Gullstrand Exact (CAGE) Eye Model for Imaging Purposes
Part IA Assessment of the Optical Parameters of the CAGE Eye Model
Introduction to Part IA
1 Schematic Eye Models and Foveal Image Measurements
1.1 Review of Schematic Eye Models
1.2 Foveal Image Measurements
1.3 Campbell and Gubisch Experiment
1.4 Chapter Summary
References
2 Choice of Eye Models for Optical Evaluation
2.1 Gullstrand Exact Eye Model
2.2 Gullstrand Graded-Index Eye Model
2.3 Aspherizing Interfaces
2.4 Amplitude Spread Function (ASF)
2.5 Chapter Summary
References
3 Modeling Foveal Reflection
3.1 Signature of Directionality
3.2 Backward Pass ASF
3.3 Foveal Curvature
3.4 Chapter Summary
References
4 Illumination: Coherence Features
4.1 Spectral Coherence
4.2 Spatial Coherence
4.2.1 Lamp to source slit
4.2.2 Source slit to retina
4.2.3 Retina to aerial image
4.2.4 Double-pass image
4.3 Chapter Summary
References
5 Monochromatic to broadband optical model
5.1 Dispersion Relations
5.2 Chromatic Model
5.2.1 Chromatic ASF
5.2.2 Partially coherent foveal image
5.2.3 Chromatic double-pass image
5.3 Chapter Summary
References
6 Numerical Algorithms
6.1 Ray Tracing
6.2 Core Algorithm
6.3 Chapter summary
References
7 Convergence to the CAGE Eye Model
7.1 Fitting of Campbell and Gubisch Line Spread Function (LSF) Data
7.2 True Single-Pass LSF
7.3 Comments on Surface Asphericities
7.4 Chromatic Aspherical Gullstrand Exact (CAGE) Eye Model
7.5 Chapter Summary
7.6 Conclusion of Part IA
References
Part IB Optical Performances of the CAGE Eye Model
Introduction to Part IB
8 CAGE Structural and Paraxial Properties
8.1 Structural Features
8.1.1 Corneal thickness
8.1.2 Lens size
8.2 Paraxial Optics
8.3 Chromatic Paraxial Properties
8.4 Chapter Summary
References
9 CAGE Spherical Aberration
9.1 Chapter Summary
References
10 Imaging Characterization
10.1 Point Spread Function, Modulation Transfer Function, and Line Spread Function
10.2 Diffraction Limit
10.3 Broadband Spectrum
10.4 Strehl and Struve Ratios
10.5 Stiles-Crawford Effect
10.6 Numerical Algorithm
10.7 Chapter Summary
References
11 CAGE imaging performances
11.1 Strehl Ratio
11.2 Optimum Defocus
11.3 Point Spread Function
11.4 Struve Ratio and Line Spread Function
11.5 Modulation Transfer Function
11.6 Retinal Gain
11.7 Chapter Summary
References
12 Discussion of CAGE results
12.1 Comparison with Psychophysical MTF Data
12.2 Not So Bad After All
12.3 Miscellaneous CAGE Results
12.4 Chapter Summary
12.5 Conclusion of Part IB
References
Part II CAGE-Barten Eye Model for Contrast Perception
Part IIA Assessment of the CAGE-Barten Model Psychophysical Parameters
Introduction to Part IIA
13 Optics and psychophysics
13.1 Chapter summary
References
14 Neurophysical Model by Barten and its Development
14.1 Total MTF
14.1.1 Optical MTF
14.1.2 Retinal MTF
14.1.3 Neural MTF
14.2 Ocular Internal Noise
14.2.1 Photon Noise
14.2.2 Neural Noise
14.2.3 Integration Constraints
14.3 Complete Model
14.4 Chapter Summary
References
15 Convergence to the CAGE-Barten model
15.1 Experimental Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) database
15.2 Pupil Light Response
15.3 Numerical Fitting of CSF Data
15.4 Data Alignment
15.5 Chapter summary
References
16 Application of the CAGE-Barten model to extended Contrast Sensitivity data
16.1 Comparison with Data by van Nes and Bouman
16.2 Comparison with Data by Luntinen, Rovamo, and Näsänen
16.3 Comparison of Sinusoidal and Square-Wave Gratings
16.4 Comparison with Defocused CSF Data
16.5 Comparison with Barten's Results
16.6 Chapter Summary
References
17 Comments on the CAGE-Barten Eye Model
17.1 Discussion of CAGE-Barten Results
17.2 Evaluation of Signal-to-Noise Ratio
17.3 Parameter Variability
17.4 Comparison with Other Visual Perception Models
17.5 Chapter Summary
17.6 Conclusion of Part IIA
References
Part IIB Visual Performances of the CAGE-Barten Eye Model
Introduction to Part IIB
18 Characterization of Visual Performance
18.1 Eye as a Photocamera
18.2 Visual Performance Metrics
18.3 Visual Performance Metrics and Image Quality Perception
18.4 Bilogarithmic Integral of Normalized Contrast Sensitivity: A Visual Specific Metric
18.5 Chapter Summary
References
19 CAGE-Barten Eye Model visual Performances
19.1 Reference Visual Condition
19.2 Steady-state Pupil Light Response
19.3 Natural Pupil Visual Performance
19.4 Visual Performance versus Spherical Aberration
19.5 Out-of-Focus Visual Performance
19.6 Visual Performance versus Stimulus Parameters
19.7 Monocular and Binocular Visual Performance
19.8 Visual Performance versus Neurophysical Parameters
19.9 Chapter summary
References
20 Discussion of Visual Performance Results
20.1 Previous Visual Acuity Modeling
20.2 Visual Acuity
20.3 Defocused Visual Acuity
20.4 Mesopic Vision
20.5 Photoreceptor Density
20.6 Chapter Summary
References
21 Quality of the Human Visual System
21.1 Refractive Surgery: Optimum Corneal Shape
21.2 Ultimate Visual Limit
21.3 Effects of Aberrations on Ultimate Visual Limit
21.4 Evolutionary Strategies
21.5 Stiles-Crawford Effect
21.6 Chapter Summary
References
22 Visual Spatial Channels and the CAGE-Barten Model: Conjectures
22.1 Frequency Analysis Capabilities of the Eye
22.2 Spatial Channels: a Brief Review
22.3 Modeling Spatial Channels
22.4 Fitting Channels into CSF
22.5 Receptive Fields of Channels
22.6 Receptive Fields of Cortical Cells
22.7 Channel Structure
22.8 Anomaly in Defo