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The industry favorite Linux guide, updated for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 and the cloud
Linux Bible, 9th Edition is the ultimate hands-on Linux user guide, whether you´re a true beginner or a more advanced user navigating recent changes. This updated ninth edition covers the latest versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (RHEL 7), Fedora 21, and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, and includes new information on cloud computing and development with guidance on Openstack and Cloudforms. With a focus on RHEL 7, this practical guide gets you up to speed quickly on the new enhancements for enterprise-quality file systems, the new boot process and services management, firewalld, and the GNOME 3 desktop. Written by a Red Hat expert, this book provides the clear explanations and step-by-step instructions that demystify Linux and bring the new features seamlessly into your workflow.
This useful guide assumes a base of little or no Linux knowledge, and takes you step by step through what you need to know to get the job done.
Get Linux up and running quickly
Master basic operations and tackle more advanced tasks
Get up to date on the recent changes to Linux server system management
Bring Linux to the cloud using Openstack and Cloudforms
Linux Bible, 9th Edition is the one resource you need, and provides the hands-on training that gets you on track in a flash.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction xxxiii
Part I: Getting Started 1
Chapter 1: Starting with Linux 3
Understanding What Linux Is 4
Understanding How Linux Differs from Other Operating Systems 6
Exploring Linux History 6
Free-flowing UNIX culture at Bell Labs 7
Commercialized UNIX 9
Berkeley Software Distribution arrives 9
UNIX Laboratory and commercialization 10
GNU transitions UNIX to freedom 11
BSD loses some steam 13
Linus builds the missing piece 13
OSI open source definition 14
Understanding How Linux Distributions Emerged 16
Choosing a Red Hat distribution 17
Using Red Hat Enterprise Linux 17
Using Fedora 18
Choosing Ubuntu or another Debian distribution 19
Finding Professional Opportunities with Linux Today 20
Understanding how companies make money with Linux 21
Becoming Red Hat certified 22
RHCSA topics 23
RHCE topics 24
Summary 26
Chapter 2: Creating the Perfect Linux Desktop 29
Understanding Linux Desktop Technology 30
Starting with the Fedora GNOME Desktop Live image 32
Using the GNOME 3 Desktop 33
After the computer boots up 33
Navigating with the mouse 34
Navigating with the keyboard 38
Setting up the GNOME 3 desktop 41
Extending the GNOME 3 desktop 42
Using GNOME shell extensions 42
Using the GNOME Tweak Tool 44
Starting with desktop applications 45
Managing files and folders with Nautilus 45
Installing and managing additional software 46
Playing music with Rhythmbox 48
Stopping the GNOME 3 desktop 49
Using the GNOME 2 Desktop 49
Using the Metacity window manager 50
Changing GNOME's appearance 52
Using the GNOME panels 53
Using the Applications and System menus 54
Adding an applet 54
Adding another panel 55
Adding an application launcher 55
Adding a drawer 56
Changing panel properties 57
Adding 3D effects with AIGLX 58
Summary 60
Exercises 61
Part II: Becoming a Linux Power User 63
Chapter 3: Using the Shell 65
About Shells and Terminal Windows 66
Using the shell prompt 67
Using a terminal window 68
Using virtual consoles 69
Choosing Your Shell 69
Running Commands 70
Understanding command syntax 71
Locating commands 74
Recalling Commands Using Command History 76
Command-line editing 77
Command-line completion 79
Command-line recall 80
Connecting and Expanding Commands 82
Piping between commands 82
Sequential commands 83
Background commands 83
Expanding commands 84
Expanding arithmetic expressions 84
Expanding variables 85
Using Shell Variables 85
Creating and using aliases 87
Exiting the shell 88
Creating Your Shell Environment 88
Configuring your shell 88
Setting your prompt 89
Adding environment variables 91
Getting Information about Commands 92
Summary 94
Exercises 95
Chapter 4: Moving around the Filesystem 97
Using Basic Filesystem Commands 100
Using Metacharacters and Operators 102
Using file-matching metacharacters 102
Using file-redirection metacharacters 103
Using brace expansion characters 105
Listing Files and Directories 105
Understanding File Permissions and Ownership 109
Changing permissions with chmod (numbers) 111
Changing permissions with chmod (letters) 111
Setting default file permission with umask 112
Changing file ownership 113
Moving, Copying, and Removing Files 114
Summary 115
Exercises 115
Chapter 5: Working with Text Files 117
Editing Files with vim and vi 117
Starting with vi 119
Adding text 119
Moving around in the text 120
Deleting, copying, and changing text 121
Pasting (putting) text 122
Repeating commands 122
Exiting vi 122
Skipping around in the file 123
Searching for text 124
Using ex mode 124
Learning more about vi and vim 124
Finding Files 125
Using locate to find files by name 125
Searching for files with find 127
Finding files by name 127
Finding files by size 128
Finding files by user 128
Finding files by permission 129
Finding files by date and time 130
Using 'not' and 'or' when finding files 131
Finding files and executing commands 131
Searching in files with grep 132
Summary 134
Exercises 134
Chapter 6: Managing Running Processes 137
Understanding Processes 137
Listing Processes 138
Listing processes with ps 138
Listing and changing processes with top 140
Listing processes with System Monitor 142
Managing Background and Foreground Processes 144
Starting background processes 144
Using foreground and background commands 145
Killing and Renicing Processes 146
Killing processes with kill and killall 146
Using kill to signal processes by PID 147
Using killall to signal processes by name 148
Setting processor priority with nice and renice 148
Limiting Processes with cgroups 149
Summary 151
Exercises 151
Chapter 7: Writing Simple Shell Scripts 153
Understanding Shell Scripts 153
Executing and debugging shell scripts 154
Understanding shell variables 154
Special shell positional parameters 156
Reading in parameters 157
Parameter expansion in bash 157
Performing arithmetic in shell scripts 158
Using programming constructs in shell scripts 159
The "if.thenö statements 159
The case command 162
The "for.doö loop 163
The "while.doö and "until.doö loops 164
Trying some useful text manipulation programs 164
The general regular expression parser 165
Remove sections of lines of text (cut) 165
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